AQA GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy Biology Paper 1 (Foundation), 2022: Question 5

9 marks · Standard Demand difficulty · Short Answer

Identify similarities between cell types, symptoms and treatments for bacterial infections, and components of blood.

Practise this question

Question

A multi-part biology exam question. Part 05.1 asks for two similarities between bacterial and animal cells from a list of five options. Part 05.2 asks for a symptom of salmonella food poisoning, excluding vomiting or diarrhoea. Part 05.3 asks for the name of the first antibiotic developed. Figure 7 shows a line graph of the concentration of live bacteria in the body over 5 days, with a peak at day 1 after starting antibiotics. Parts 05.4 to 05.6 ask questions based on this graph and the use of antibiotics. Figure 8 shows a microscopic view of blood with labels A to D pointing to red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Parts 05.7 and 05.8 ask to identify which component produces antibodies and which starts the clotting process.
Question text

05 Bacteria can cause a variety of diseases in humans.

05.1 What are two similarities between a bacterial cell and an animal cell?

[2 marks]

Tick ( ) two boxes.

Both have a cell membrane.

Both have a cell wall.

Both have a nucleus.

Both have cytoplasm.

Both have plasmids.

05.2 Salmonella food poisoning is caused by bacteria in food.

Give one symptom of salmonella food poisoning.

Do not refer to vomiting or diarrhoea in your answer.

[1 mark]

05.3 What is the name of the first antibiotic developed?

[1 mark]

A child with a severe bacterial infection was given a course of antibiotics.

Figure 7 shows how the concentration of live bacteria in the child’s body changed

when taking the course of antibiotics.

Figure 7

05.4 The concentration of live bacteria in the body continued to increase after starting the

course of antibiotics.

Suggest one reason why.

[1 mark]

05.5 After 3 days of taking the antibiotic:

• the child felt better

• there were still bacteria in the child’s body.

Why did the child feel better?

[1 mark]

Tick ( ) one box.

Bacteria had become immune to the antibiotic.

The child had become resistant to the bacteria.

There were fewer toxins in the body than at day 0

05.6 Suggest why doctors do not give antibiotics to patients with minor infections.

[1 mark]

Figure 8 shows blood viewed using a microscope.

Figure 8

05.7 A vaccine will stimulate the production of antibodies.

Which part of the blood in Figure 8 produces antibodies?

[1 mark]

Tick ( ) one box.

A B C D

05.8 Which part of the blood in Figure 8 starts the clotting process?

[1 mark]

Tick ( ) one box.

A B C D

Mark scheme

Show the mark scheme The mark scheme for question 5. 05.1: both have cell membrane and both have cytoplasm (2 marks). 05.2: fever or abdominal / stomach cramps (1 mark). 05.3: penicillin (1 mark). 05.4: reasons for initial bacterial increase such as reproduction or time delay for antibiotic to work (1 mark). 05.5: there were fewer toxins in the body than at day 0 (1 mark). 05.6: to reduce or prevent resistant strains of bacteria developing (1 mark). 05.7: B (1 mark). 05.8: D (1 mark). Total marks: 9.

Question 5

AO /

Question Answers Extra information Mark

Spec. Ref.

05.1 both have a cell membrane 1 AO1

4.1.1.1

both have cytoplasm 1

AO /

Spec. Ref.

05.2 ignore vomiting / sickness / AO1

diarrhoea 4.3.1.3

ignore feel unwell unqualified

ignore rashes

any one from: 1

• fever allow high temperature

allow sweating / chills

• abdominal / stomach cramps

AO /

Spec. Ref.

allow phonetic spelling

05.3 penicillin 1 AO2

– OMBINED SCIENCE: TRILOGY – – 4.3.1.9

AO /

Spec. Ref.

05.4 any one from: 1 AO3

• only a few bacteria killed so allow bacteria reproducing when 4.3.1.1

live bacteria continued to course started 4.3.1.3

reproduce 4.3.1.8

• time delay before antibiotic allow takes time (for antibiotic)

reached bacteria to travel through the body

• time delay before antibiotic allow takes time (for antibiotic)

could kill bacteria to work 21

AO /

Spec. Ref.

05.5 there were fewer toxins in the 1 AO2

body than at day 0 4.3.1.1

AO /

Spec. Ref.

05.6 to reduce / prevent resistant ignore references to bacteria 1 AO1

strains / bacteria developing becoming immune 4.3.1.8

or

to reduce / prevent antibiotic

resistance (in bacteria)

allow because they will get

better without taking any

antibiotics

ignore body will fight the

infection unqualified

allow some infections are

caused by viruses

– OMBINED SCIENCE: TRIallow because they have beenLOGY– –

told not to by NHS / NICE

AO /

Spec. Ref.

05.7 B 1 AO2

4.2.2.3

4.3.1.7

AO /

Spec. Ref.

05.8 D 1 AO2

4.2.2.3

Total Question 5 9

How to answer it

Bacteria, Antibiotics, and Blood

What this question tests

This question assesses your ability to compare prokaryotic (bacterial) and eukaryotic (animal) cells, recall symptoms and treatments for Salmonella, interpret data from a graph regarding antibiotic action, and identify the functions of different blood components.

Part 05.1

Cell Similarities

Correct Answers

  • Both have a cell membrane.
  • Both have cytoplasm.

Key Knowledge

Bacteria are prokaryotes. They lack a nucleus and mitochondria. Animal cells are eukaryotes. Both share basic structures like the membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.

Common Errors

Do not tick nucleus (bacteria don't have one) or cell wall (animal cells don't have one). Only plants and bacteria have walls!

Part 05.2 & 05.3

Salmonella & Penicillin

05.2 Answer

Fever OR abdominal/stomach cramps.

05.3 Answer

Penicillin

Exam Technique

In 05.2, the question explicitly says "Do not refer to vomiting or diarrhoea". If you write these, you get 0 marks, even if they are technically symptoms. Always read the "Do not" instructions!

Part 05.4 & 05.5

Antibiotics in Action (Graph Analysis)

Interpreting Figure 7

05.4 Answer

Any one from:

  • Time delay before the antibiotic reached the bacteria.
  • Bacteria were still reproducing faster than they were being killed.
  • It takes time for the antibiotic to start working.

05.5 Answer

There were fewer toxins in the body than at day 0.

Why do we feel ill?

Bacteria make us feel ill because they produce toxins (poisons) that damage tissues. Even if some bacteria are still present, if the toxin level drops, you start to feel better.

Part 05.6

Antibiotic Resistance

Correct Answer

To prevent the development of resistant strains of bacteria.

Examiner Commentary

Top students use the word "resistance". Avoid saying the body becomes "immune" to the drug—it is the bacteria that change, not the human body.

Common Misconception

Antibiotics do not work on viruses (like the common cold). Doctors won't prescribe them for viral minor infections because it would just increase the risk of resistance for no benefit.

Part 05.7 & 05.8

Blood Components

Identifying Figure 8

The "Map" of Blood

  • A: Red Blood Cell (Biconcave discs, no nucleus).
  • B: White Blood Cell (Large, often has a visible nucleus).
  • C: Plasma (The liquid everything floats in).
  • D: Platelets (Tiny fragments).

05.7 Answer: B

White blood cells (specifically lymphocytes) produce antibodies to fight pathogens.

05.8 Answer: D

Platelets are responsible for starting the blood clotting process at a wound.

Topics

Biology · B1: Cell Biology · B2: Organisation · B3: Infection and Response

Question and mark scheme from the AQA GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy examination, Biology Paper 1 (Foundation), 2022. QuestionVault is an independent revision resource; questions remain the copyright of the awarding body.