AQA GCSE Physical Education Paper 1: The human body and movement in physical activity and sport, June 2025: Question 7

✅ Mark Scheme Accepted Answers

Any three from the following (1 mark each):

• Deltoid
• Rotator cuff
• Pectorals (Pectoralis major)
• Latissimus dorsi

Also accepted by examiners: Trapezius, Biceps, Triceps, Rhomboids.

💡 Key Knowledge

• Deltoid: Forms the rounded contour of the shoulder; responsible for shoulder abduction, flexion, and extension.
• Pectorals: Located on the chest; pull the arm forward and across (adduction and horizontal flexion).
• Latissimus dorsi: Broad back muscle; pulls the arm backward and down (adduction and shoulder extension).
• Rotator Cuff: Group of 4 deep muscles (Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis) that stabilise the joint.

🧠 Exam Technique

• One per line: The exam paper provides 3 numbered lines. Place exactly one muscle on each line to avoid confusion.
• Keep it simple: Stick to the main syllabus muscles (Deltoid, Latissimus dorsi, Pectorals). They are the easiest to recall and spell correctly.
• No descriptions needed: The command word is "Name". You do not get extra marks for describing their action or where they attach.

❌ Common Errors to Avoid

• Bones instead of muscles: Writing scapula, clavicle, or humerus (0 marks—these are skeletal bones).
• Lower limb muscles: Accidentally naming hip/leg muscles such as quadriceps, gastrocnemius, or hamstrings.
• Overly casual slang: Avoid writing simply "pecs" or "lats"; write the recognised terms: pectorals and latissimus dorsi.